Artichokes have played a role in food culture since ancient times, with legends linking the vegetable to Greek mythology. According to one story, Zeus transformed Cynara into an artichoke after she secretly visited her family.
Historically, artichokes were served at the tables of nobility and valued for their health benefits. The vegetable is recognized for supporting liver health, lowering cholesterol, aiding digestion, and protecting against heart disease.
In Türkiye, artichokes hold a special place in cuisine and culture. Their arrival in markets signals the start of spring, particularly in April and May. Artichokes thrive in moderate climates and are primarily cultivated in the Aegean and Marmara regions.
Türkiye is home to more than 140 species of artichoke worldwide, but two varieties are most prominent locally: bayrampaşa artichoke from the Marmara region and sakız (mastic) artichoke from the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. Sakız artichokes can be eaten with their leaves, while bayrampaşa is known for its large size and bowl-like shape.
Major growing areas include Muğla, Aydın, Adana, Antalya, Bursa, Balıkesir, and Yalova. İzmir—especially its Urla district—is particularly noted for its artichoke production.
Each year, Urla hosts the International Artichoke Festival. The event features cooking workshops, food tastings, art activities, talks, and concerts over three days. Growers prepare for months to present various products such as artichoke jams and dishes as well as themed gifts and textiles. Unusual offerings like artichoke-flavored ice cream or sushi can also be found at the festival.
Traditional Turkish recipes using artichokes remain popular. Dishes such as artichokes with broad beans cooked in olive oil are favored for their taste and lightness; variations may include peas or other vegetables. Another local favorite is lamb-stuffed artichokes—a specialty of İzmir—alongside stuffed versions that require careful preparation.
Artichoke soup is also enjoyed during springtime for its fresh flavor. Salads featuring fresh artichokes topped with homemade Turkish yoghurt offer a lighter option suitable for those seeking healthy meals.